Difference Between Foundation And Footing

Foundation

In Civil Engineering, a foundation is the lower portion of a building structure that transfers the building’s gravity load into the earth. A strong foundation is required in order for a building to stand the test of time and survive for decades or even centuries. Foundations are commonly separated into two distict categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. A building’s foundation is made by first digging a trench into the ground. Dig deep enough to reach the subsoil. Subsoil is more solid than topsoil, which is where plant roots grow. Concrete is then poured into the trench, supported and strengthened further with steel rods. When the concrete dries, the steel holds it all together. This is known as reinforced concrete, and once it is in place, the structure can be built on top.

Footing

In Civil Engineering, a footing is a foundation that is constructed under the base of a wall or a column. The purpose of the footing is to distribute the weight of the building over a large area. The term footing is generally used in conjunction with shallow foundations, not deep foundations. Footing is placed directly below the lowest part of the structure it supports.

Footing vs Foundation

Followings are the differences between Footing and Foundation

Footing                  Foundation
1. The footing is a formation which is in contact with the ground.

Foundation is a structure which transfers its gravity loads to earth from superstructure.

2. Footing can be analogized with the feet of the leg.
Foundation can be compared with legs.

3. The footing is a type of shallow foundation.
Foundation can be shallow and deep.

4.Footing includes slab, rebar which are fabricated of brickwork, masonry or concrete.

Foundation types include piles, caissons, footings, piers, the lateral supports, and anchors.

5.Footing reinforces support to an individual column.
Foundation is an extensive support  because it gives support to a group of footings as an entire building

6. A number of footings repose on a foundation.
Foundation is the support that bears all kinds of loadings.

7. A footing is under the foundation wall.
Foundations are the basement walls.

8. Footing transmits loads directly to the soil.
Foundation is in direct contact with the soil and transmits it to the ground.

9. All footings are foundations.Not all foundations are footings.

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Suresh Pandey
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DESIGNING YOUR KITCHEN

Apart from Cooking and Cleaning, a lot of activity takes place in your kitchen. The space can also be used to eat, drink and socialise. To accommodate a functional yet beautiful kitchen is a huge task. An impractical design can make your kitchen difficult to use.

The following are some of the most common kitchen design mistakes that homeowners tend to make while planning their kitchens. Be sure to understand what you need to avoid in order to get the most out of your kitchen space.

1. Storage vs. Shelving:

Kitchens tend to contain a lot of things; there are items that are not only for consumption, but also for storage and utility. Finding a place for your appliances as well as maintaining different places for the myriad of foods is essential. Built-in appliances are expensive and overall tend to be larger investments that need to be made with forethought and planning. You should make sure that these appliances are in efficient locations with appropriate power supply.

Open shelving is gorgeous, but think about how much you would display and what the maintenance will be with all the open shelves collecting dust. Utilize as much space as possible for storage. A modular kitchen is an important factor to make the kitchen design appear seamless and elegant.

2. Counter top:

Not having enough counter top space can be frustrating and limit the functionality of the kitchen. Good countertops are expensive, but it’s a good idea to invest in a good material, such as granite, which does not absorb a lot and leaves the counter easy to clean and maintain. Once the counter space is allocated, make sure you understand how many appliances you have for use on the counter.

Think through where the wet work, i.e. appliance work, wash basin and blenders are to be located. Then place sockets conveniently so that the wires are not obstructing other functions. Also, curtail areas where the dry work is the main function, like cutting vegetables, unloading groceries etc. Keeping these spaces divided is important for the counter to be utilized efficiently.

3. Waste management:

Most people do not even consider this as part of kitchen design. However, if you ask anybody who cooks, they are sure to tell you about the amount of organic and other waste produced constantly from all the groceries and food packaging. You should make sure that you have areas for segregated waste, like organic and recyclable.

The waste basket should not be kept where it is visible to all, and also, a part that can be quite tricky to implement, the waste baskets should not be placed without ventilation. Now, modular kitchens have a feature where ventilation slits are placed in cabinets that allow the bin to be placed discreetly yet correctly. A large bin must be placed outside to collect the majority of the waste and a smaller one indoors as well which may be hidden in the built in cabinets.

4. Backsplash:

Another overlooked feature which is essential for the functioning of the kitchen is the back splash area. When working together with elements like, water, fire and air, there is bound to be some messiness. In most modular kitchens there are overhead storage shelves as well as counters below. Now that leaves us with space between the countertop and the overhead storage shelves. Covering this entire ‘in-between’ space may seem like an overkill, but it's highly advised. Leaving any wall exposed may just lead to buildup of grease, especially with Indian cooking.

Cover the surface with something you can wipe clean after use, like a tile. The chimney above the hob may be stainless steel along with your appliances. Keep the backsplash classic with a tile.

5. Lighting and Ventilation:

Natural light is great in your house, but its needed most in the kitchen where more work that requires concentration takes place. It is better to have well-lit areas with good quality indoor lighting. During the daytime, it would be great if the space was lit naturally through natural sun, but in the evening or even when chopping or cooking, it is advisable to use strong artificial indoor lighting.

Ventilation is an important factor and when it comes to the kitchen, improper ventilation can cause health issues from all the fumes, smoke and gases emitted while cooking. Install a good chimney over the hob that has a good exhaust fan. Also, place windows in the kitchen, it is not necessary to close all the windows to maximise the utility of a kitchen. Well placed windows will help bring in light as well as air ventilation.

6. Architectural Integrity:

The ‘kitchen triangle’ is one of the most efficient layouts for your kitchen space. Yes, you need a kitchen that won't looked dated in ten years but functionality, as mentioned before, is key. The kitchen triangle involves spacing the three most used features of your kitchen, which is the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The layout is to help ease access in between all three while still spacing them out comfortably.

There may be a few variations in the kitchen triangle design, but straying away too much can hurt the efficiency of your kitchen.

There are important aspects and considerations to make when designing a kitchen. Mistakes can be costly and stressful, and can be avoided with the right planning. Executing it the right way can minimize risk and increase the overall utility of your kitchen.

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VASTU TIPS FOR COUPLE'S BEDROOM

Couple's bedroom should be such that the ambience affects in strengthening the relationship created out of nuptial bonds. Newly or years of married couple doesn't matter, but what matter is their eternal ties and to maintain good relationship Vastu says to construct bedroom with proper consideration. Bedroom is a hub to unwind stress and carry out different activities of life, and for a couple choosing bedroom in appropriate direction is important for many reasons such as to prevent untimely death of spouse, bad health, miscarriage in women, better and early conception etc.

Any kind or size of mirror should be shunned in couple's bedroom especially in the front of bed and even at the side of bed.

Fresh flowers should be kept in couple's bedroom which symbolizes blooming of love and fragrance of flowers help keeping the relation afresh like always.

Do no install scary or nude pictures and images in couple's bedroom.

Avoid North-east for couple's bedroom because this place is called as Eshaan corner ideal for worship room and constructing bedroom can have undesirable effects on couple's married life such as untimely death of spouse, health diseases and miscarriage or problem in conceiving.

Couples bedroom can have light and bright colours on wall which help to create better understanding among partners.

Couples bedroom should ideally be located in North-west or South west portion of house.

North-west is ideal if couple is not elder in the family while South-west is most ideal if the couple is elder.

Avoid South-east corner for couple's bedroom as it can leads to frequent clashes and quarrels.

Couples must sleep with their head towards South and feet in North.

Do not keep exposed mirror in the couple's bedroom.

Television screen, computer screen and other exposed mirrors should be veiled when not in use.

If possible, avoid TV and computer in couple's bedroom because the electromagnetic rays and vibrations from electronic objects create stress and tension.

Suresh Pandey

Constructions Consultant

Difference between Plinth beam and Tie beam and their purpose in construction

In this Lecture suresh will discuss Difference between Plinth beam and Tie beam

WHAT IS PLINTH BEAM? 

The beam which is provided at the plinth level is called plinth beam. In framed structure plinth beam is the first beam constructed after foundation.

WHAT IS TIE BEAM? 

The beam which connects two or more columns/rafters in a roof/ roof truss or in any height above floor level is called tie beam. Tie beams are mainly provided in roof truss and at plinth level. These beams do not convey any floor loads and only act as length breaker for columns where the floor height is unusually high.

बेडरूम में वास्तु लाए खुशिओं की बहार, आप भी करें ट्राई

 यदि आपकी अपने जीवन साथी से बनती नही है। दिन रात घर में कलह और झगड़े ही होते रहते है तो इसका एक कारण आपके बेडरूम का वास्तु दोष हो सकता है। कैसे आप अपने बेडरूम के सामान में वास्तु के अनुसार थोडा फेरबदल करके अपने घर में खुशी की बहार ला सकते है।

वास्तुशास्त्र को बहुत से लोग टोना-टोटका या धार्मिक आस्था से जोड़ते है, लेकिन इसका किसी भी प्रकार की पूजा-पाठ या तन्त्र-मन्त्र से कोई लेना देना नहीं है। वास्तु में दिशाओं का महत्व होता है। किसी दिशा से आने वाली ऊर्जा आपको किस प्रकार से फायदा पहुंचा सकती है, यह शास्त्र इसी पर निर्भर है। वास्तु में हर जगह और कमरे के लिए एक निश्चित स्थान बताया गया है। बेडरूम रूम घर का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा होता है। आइए आपको बताते है कि आपके बेडरूम का वास्तु कैसा होना चाहिए ताकि आपके जीवन  में सदा खुशियों का आगमन होता रहे।

बेडरूम की सबसे इर्म्पोटेंट चीज है पलंग। वास्तु के अनुसार पलंग दक्षिण या दक्षिण-पश्चिम दिशा में होना चाहिए। पलंग को दक्षिण दिशा की दीवार के साथ होना चाहिए। सोते समय सिर दक्षिण की ओर और पैर उत्तर में होने चाहिए। ध्यान रहे पलंग दीवार के एकदम बीच में होना चाहिए। यही पलंग की बेडरूम में एकदम सही दिशा है।

पलंग के बाद बारी आती है स्टडी टेबल की आजकल अलग से स्टडी रूम बनाने का चलन लगभग खत्म हो गया है। अब तो बेडरूम में ही स्टडी कॉर्नर बनाया जाने लगा है। वास्तु के अनुसार स्टडी टेबल पूर्व दिशा में रखें और ध्यान रखें की पढ़ते समय आपका चेहरा पूर्व की तरफ ही होना चाहिए। दक्षिण की ओर टेबल कभी भी न रखें यह स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक होता है।

स्टडी टेबल के बाद बात करते हैं शोपीस और पेटिंग्स की। वास्तु के अनुसार बेडरूम में रामायण, महाभारत और किसी भी प्रकार के लड़ाई के दृश्य, ऐन्द्रजालिक पेंटिंग, पत्थर और लकड़ी की बनी राक्षसों की मूर्तियां, रोते हुए व्यक्ति की मूर्ति, जानवरो जैसे सांप, गिद्व, उल्लू, कौवा, बाज आदि के चित्र भी नहीं लगाने चाहिएं। बेडरूम में आप फूलों, झरनों, प्रकृति के मनोरम दृश्य की पेंटिंग्स लगा सकते हैं। वास्तु के अनुसार, पेंटिंग्स की सही दिशा उत्तर दिशा है। दीवार घड़ी भी हमेशा उत्तर दिशा की दीवार पर ही लगानी चाहिए।

 वास्तु के अनुसार मिरर या ड्रेसिंग टेबल को बेड के सामने नहीं रखना चाहिए। मिरर की बेडरूम में सही दिशा है उत्तर-पूर्व, इससे घर के सदस्यों के मान सम्मान में बढोतरी होती है। इसके अलावा किसी दूसरी दिशा में मिरर का लगाना अशुभ माना जाता है।

बेडरूम के दरवाजे की बात करें, तो वास्तु के अनुसार दरवाजा कभी भी बेड के सामने नहीं खुलना चाहिए। दरवाजे हमेशा अंदर की ओर ही खुलने चाहिए। इससे पॉजीटीव एनर्जी घर में आती है। दरवाजा हमेशा पूर्व में होना चाहिए। वास्तु में गोल शेप वाले दरवाजों को अशुभ माना जाता है। दरवाजे हमेशा चकोर होने चाहिएं।

दरवाजे के साथ-साथ खिडकियां भी पूर्व की दिशा में होनी चाहिए। यदि आपके बेडरूम में खिडकियां दक्षिण या पश्चिम दिशा में हो तो उन्हे पर्दों से ढककर रखना चाहिए।

आजकल अटैच टॉयलेट का चलन है। लेकिन वास्तु की माने तो बेडरूम में टॉयलेट का कोई भी स्थान नहीं है। फिर भी यदि अटैच टॉयलेट बनवाना ही है तो उसकी दिशा दक्षिण में होनी चाहिए।

वास्तु के अनुसार, कमरे की पूर्व और उत्तर की दिशा को खाली छोड़ना चाहिए। इन दिशाओं से आने वाली हवाओं और सूर्य की रोशनी में किसी भी प्रकार की कोई अड़चन नहीं आनी चाहिए इसीलिए इन दिशाओं में कोई भी भारी सामान न रखें। इन दोनों दिशाओं से ही रूम में पॉजीटीव एनर्जी आती है। भारी सामान जैसे सोफा, अलमारी आदि को आप दक्षिण और पश्चिम की दिशा में रख सकते है।

वैसे तो कहते है कि जो होना होता है वह होकर ही रहता है लेकिन यदि हम अपने बेडरूम में वास्तु के अनुसार फेरबदल करे तो कुछ हद तक आने वाली कठिनाईओं और परेशानियों से बच सकते है।